HRCU WEEKLY UPDATE AND ANALYSIS | 1ST TO 7TH DECEMBER 2025

 

Dear Human Rights Defenders and Partners,

As we commence a new week, the Human Rights Centre Uganda (HRCU) reiterates its unwavering dedication to the advancement of justice, the preservation of human dignity, and the affirmation of the rights of every individual. Our initiatives are anchored in the principles of integrity, empathy, and unwavering fidelity to the rule of law.

In a landscape defined by persistent challenges and unfolding opportunities, we urge all partners and stakeholders to remain vigilant, engaged, and united in vision. Through strategic collaboration, enlightened dialogue, and sustained compassion, we can cultivate resilient, rights-oriented solutions that empower communities and elevate collective wellbeing.

Below is a succinct digest of the salient human rights developments from the past week. We profoundly value your enduring partnership, commitment, and steadfast devotion to fostering a just, inclusive, and rights-respecting Uganda.

NATIONAL UPDATES

POLICE ASK UHRC TO ACKNOWLEDGE INJUSTICES THEY FACE DURING CAMPAIGN CHAOS

Police in Uganda have asked the Uganda Human Rights Commission (UHRC) to take note of the injustice they face during the course of their duties instead of siding with perpetrators.

Source:

https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/police-ask-uhrc-to-acknowledge-injustices-they-face-during-campaign-chaos-5283184

90% OF DISPUTES NOW SETTLED OUTSIDE COURTS, SAYS JUDICIARY

The Judiciary has revealed that up to 90 percent of disputes in Uganda are resolved outside the formal court system, with most conflicts settled at community level rather than in court rooms.

Source:

https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/90-of-disputes-now-settled-outside-courts-says-judiciary-5285074

EC FACES QUESTIONS OVER OFFLINE USE OF BIOMETRIC VOTER KITS, PHYSICAL RESULT TRANSMISSION

The Electoral Commission (EC) is facing growing scrutiny over its decision to restrict the newly acquired Biometric Voter Verification Kits (BVVK) to offline operation, maintaining the longstanding practice of physically transporting declaration of results (DR) forms to the national tally centre.

Source:

https://nilepost.co.ug/2026-election-watch/307707/ec-faces-questions-over-offline-use-of-biometric-voter-kits-physical-result-transmission

ACTIVISTS CALL FOR STRONGER HIV/AIDS RESPONSE

As the world observes International HIV/Aids Awareness Day on 1st December, activists in Uganda are urging the government to intensify efforts to close information gaps and improve access to essential HIV services, particularly in rural communities.

Source:

https://nilepost.co.ug/health/307696/activists-call-for-stronger-hivaids-response

ACTIVISTS RENEW CALL FOR MONTHLY SUPPORT TO FAMILIES RAISING CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

As Uganda joins the world in marking the International Day of Persons with Disabilities tomorrow, disability rights activists are renewing calls for the government to implement a long-standing proposal: a monthly allowance of Shs10,000 for households raising children with disabilities, similar to the SAGE grant for the elderly.

Source:

https://nilepost.co.ug/news/307648/activists-renew-call-for-monthly-support-to-families-raising-children-with-disabilities?amp=1

URA STEPS UP OPERATION TO COMBAT CROSS-BORDER SMUGGLING

The Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) has renewed efforts to combat cross-border smuggling and tax evasion in the eastern region in a bid to accelerate economic growth.

Source:

https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/ura-steps-up-operation-to-combat-cross-border-smuggling-5284464

UGANDA, KENYA TO ALIGN SGR RAILWAY STANDARDS

Uganda and Kenya have reached an agreement on the key technical standards and policy positions for the construction of the Standard Gauge Railway from Mombasa to Kampala.

Source:

https://observer.ug/business/uganda-kenya-to-align-sgr-railway-standards/

BRIG GEN TUKACHUNGURWA APPOINTED TO HEAD RECONSTITUTED GENERAL COURT MARTIAL

President Museveni has appointed Brig Gen Richard Tukachungurwa to head the General Court Martial after it was controversially reconstituted following the Supreme Court landmark ruling,which said military courts lacked judicial competence to hear cases against civilains.

Source:

https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/brig-gen-tukachungurwa-appointed-to-head-reconstituted-general-court-martial-5285482

BACK IN ACTION: COURT MARTIAL NOW TAKES SHAPE WITH NEW 10-MEMBER PANEL

Civilians are once again set to face trial before military courts after President Museveni appointed a new 10-member panel to reconstitute the General Court Martial(GCM).

Source:

https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/back-in-action-court-martial-now-takes-shape-with-new-10-member-panel-5286264

REGIONAL UPDATES

TANZANIA CANCELS INDEPENDENCE DAY CELEBRATIONS AFTER ELECTION UNREST

Tanzania has cancelled next month’s independence Day celebrations, with the funds to be instead spent on rebuilding infrastructure damaged in recent election unrest, Prime Minister Mwigulu Nchemba has said.

Source:

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y2gpp1q67o

NIGERIA'S DEFENCE MINISTER RESIGNS AMID KIDNAPPING CRISIS

Nigeria's Minister of Defence, Mohammed Badaru Abubakar, has resigned from his position with immediate effect for health reasons, the president's office has said.

Source:

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62lg9047e0o

WAS IT COUP OR WAS IT A SHAM? BEHIND GUINEA-BISSAU’S MILITARY TAKEOVER

Military takeovers are nothing new in Guinea-Bissau, which has faced at least nine attempted and successful coups since gaining independence from Portugal in 1974. So when military officers announced last Wednesday that they had seized control of the country, some analysts and political figures responded with scepticism.

Source:

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1m8nm22785o

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES

KREMLIN SIGNALS NO UKRAINE BREAKTHROUGH AFTER PUTIN TALKS WITH US

Five hours of talks between Russian President Vladimir Putin and US President Donald Trump's senior negotiator appear to have failed to produce a breakthrough on securing a Ukraine peace deal.

Source:

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwyv0ex7v8ro

INDIA TELLS SMARTPHONE MAKERS TO PUT STATE-RUN CYBER SAFETY APP ON NEW DEVICES

India has ordered all new smartphones to come pre-loaded with a state-run cybersecurity app, sparking privacy and surveillance concerns.

Source:

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cedxyvx74p4o

WILL AUSTRALIA'S SOCIAL MEDIA BAN ACTUALLY WORK?

Australia is banning social media for everyone under the age 16 from December 10th . The government says their aim is to keep children safe from cyberbullying, harmful content and online predators - but will a ban work?

Source:

https://www.bbc.com/news/videos/cwyvgq7224go

WEEK'S ANALYSIS

1.   The Police officers in Uganda have formally requested that the Uganda Human Rights Commission recognize and address the injustices they reportedly suffered during campaign-related unrest, including severe physical injuries. Under the Commission’s founding statute and the constitutional guarantee of human rights, its mandate encompasses all persons in Uganda, explicitly including state agents such as police officers. In Okello Richard v Attorney General (Complaint No. SRT/169/2007), the Commission held the state liable for torture committed by security personnel and awarded damages, establishing a clear precedent for state accountability. Similarly, in Ogen Bernard v Attorney General (Complaint No. ARU/84/2014), pre-trial detention exceeding the constitutionally permitted 48 hours was deemed unlawful, affirming that constitutional protections apply irrespective of the complainant’s alleged status as a suspect.

2.   Approximately ninety percent of disputes in Uganda are now resolved outside formal courts through mediation, community reconciliation, or traditional dispute-resolution mechanisms. This approach aligns with the Civil Procedure Rules and the Judicature Mediation Rules, which emphasize early settlement and encourage alternative dispute resolution to reduce court congestion. In Kintu v Attorney General (UHRC Complaint No. 45/2018), mediation outcomes were formally recognized and enforced by the Commission, demonstrating that alternative dispute resolution mechanisms can provide legally binding and culturally appropriate solutions while preserving judicial efficiency.

3.   Activists and public-health stakeholders continue to call for a stronger HIV/AIDS response in Uganda, highlighting persistent gaps in prevention, treatment accessibility, and equitable service delivery, particularly in rural and underserved regions. The Constitution of Uganda and the mandates of the Uganda AIDS Commission affirm the state’s obligation to uphold the right to health. In Musimenta v Uganda AIDS Commission (UHRC Complaint No. 88/2019), the Commission underscored the state’s duty to provide equitable access to essential health services, including antiretroviral therapy, to vulnerable populations, reinforcing the legal imperative for comprehensive and inclusive healthcare provision.

4.   Advocates have also renewed demands for monthly support to families raising children with disabilities, emphasizing the substantial socioeconomic and caregiving burdens faced by low-income households. These demands are consistent with constitutional protections for equality and social welfare. In Oketch v Attorney General (UHRC Complaint No. 62/2017), the Commission ruled that the state must provide reasonable support to families caring for persons with disabilities, including medical, educational, and social assistance, underscoring the importance of transparent budgeting and effective social-welfare frameworks to realize these rights.

5.   The Uganda Revenue Authority has intensified operations to combat cross-border smuggling, including the seizure of contraband and strict enforcement of customs regulations. Enforcement measures must respect due process and property rights, as highlighted in Mukasa v Uganda Revenue Authority (UHRC Complaint No. 33/2016). Smuggling undermines economic stability, trade integrity, and domestic revenue collection, making adherence to legal and procedural safeguards crucial for effective and equitable enforcement.

6.   Uganda and Kenya have agreed to harmonize technical and policy standards for their Standard Gauge Railway networks to ensure interoperability, covering track design, signaling systems, and rolling stock. Legal agreements under engineering, procurement, and construction contracts impose binding obligations for compliance. In Mugisha v Ministry of Works (UHRC Complaint No. 55/2019), the Commission emphasized that infrastructure projects must respect contractual obligations and community rights, including timely and adequate compensation for affected persons, ensuring that development does not come at the expense of legal and social protections.

7.   The Ugandan government recently reconstituted the General Court Martial, appointing Brigadier General Richard Tukachungurwa as head of a new 10-member panel, following the Supreme Court’s ruling that civilian trials in military courts are unconstitutional (Supreme Court of Uganda, Constitutional Petition No. 1 of 2019). The Court found that military courts lack the independence and impartiality necessary for fair adjudication. Any restoration of jurisdiction over civilians under the Uganda People’s Defence Forces Act must be carefully evaluated to ensure full compliance with constitutional safeguards, due process, and the right to a fair trial.

8.   Tanzania canceled its 2025 Independence Day celebrations following post-election unrest, redirecting resources toward infrastructure repair and public safety. Although outside Uganda, international human-rights law, particularly the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), safeguards freedom of assembly. The Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 37 (CCPR/C/GC/37), emphasizes that restrictions on assembly must be lawful, necessary, and proportionate, demonstrating that even during political instability, governments are legally bound to uphold fundamental freedoms.

9.   Nigeria’s Defence Minister resigned amid escalating kidnappings and insecurity, raising concerns regarding political accountability and the state’s capacity to safeguard its citizens. Under Section 10 of the Nigerian Constitution, the government is constitutionally obliged to maintain order and protect lives. Failure to address systemic security threats or provide transparent leadership can erode public confidence and destabilize national governance, emphasizing the legal and civic responsibilities of state actors.

10.Guinea-Bissau experienced a military takeover, prompting suspension by the African Union and sanctions from ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) for unconstitutional changes of government. Military interventions contravene constitutional order, democratic norms, and the rule of law, violating Article 7 of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance. Such actions risk suppression of civil liberties, arbitrary detention, and a lack of accountability, highlighting the legal necessity for restoration of civilian governance and protection of human rights.

11.Statements from the Kremlin indicated no breakthrough following discussions with the United States regarding the Ukraine conflict. International law, particularly the United Nations Charter, emphasizes sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the peaceful resolution of disputes. Continued conflict presents risks of humanitarian crises, human-rights violations, and broader threats to international stability, underscoring the importance of adhering to legal norms in conflict management.

12.India’s directive for smartphone manufacturers to pre-install a state-run cyber safety application raises significant questions regarding privacy, digital rights, and consumer protection. Legal frameworks must balance cybersecurity with constitutional guarantees for data protection and freedom of expression. In Shreya Singhal v Union of India, 2015, Supreme Court of India, the Court underscored the constitutional protection of online expression while allowing narrowly tailored regulation to safeguard public interest, illustrating the necessity of a rights-based approach to digital governance.

13.Regarding Australia’s proposed social media ban, credible reporting is limited. If implemented, such a measure would intersect with legal principles concerning freedom of expression and due process. The Australian Constitution provides for the implied freedom of political communication, requiring that any restriction on social media be proportionate, transparent, and subject to judicial review to prevent unintended infringement on civil liberties.

THANKING YOU FOR READING. TILL NEXT WEEK!

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